India • External sector
India — Balance of Payments
Last update: 30 Jul 2026
Current account balance
VerifiedServices surplus
ProvisionalForeign-exchange reserves
VerifiedOverall trade gap
ProvisionalFeatured chart • USD billions
Merchandise trade and external buffers
Calendar-year trade flows and period-end foreign-exchange reserves.Detailed analysis
Four views behind the headline
Current account
Deficit, surplus and adjustment
Fiscal balance
Current, capital and overall accounts
Monthly trade
Exports and imports by available period
Account composition
Balance of Payments components
External buffers & financing
External-sector red flags
Three annual screens for reserve pressure and financing dependence. Inspect a year to see the readings together.
Complete calendar years from this published snapshot. The dashboard’s date, frequency and currency filters do not change these screens.
Reserve import cover
Line not crossedCalendar year 2024
Watch line: ≤ 3 months Traditional screen
Above the three-month import-cover line. Debt repayments and capital outflows still matter.
Calculations & source rows
Formula: 12 × year-end reserves ÷ annual goods and services imports
At or below 3 months: traditional import-cover reference. Uses the same year's import bill, not forecast imports; this is not the IMF's full reserve-adequacy assessment. Methodology ↗
| Year | Reading | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 7.05 | Outside watch level |
| 2015 | 8.62 | Outside watch level |
| 2016 | 9.2 | Outside watch level |
| 2017 | 8.82 | Outside watch level |
| 2018 | 7.45 | Outside watch level |
| 2019 | 8.98 | Outside watch level |
| 2020 | 14.37 | Outside watch level |
| 2021 | 10.68 | Outside watch level |
| 2022 | 7.54 | Outside watch level |
| 2023 | 8.76 | Outside watch level |
| 2024 | 8.35 | Outside watch level |
| Input / period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FX reserves01 Jan 2024 – 31 Dec 2024Observation 0828e568-68d4-4d8b-99fc-9501cf4b482d | 643.04 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
| Goods & services imports01 Jan 2024 – 31 Dec 2024Observation ac0159d1-224a-424a-9920-5e78ea4323c3 | 923.59 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
Reserve stock change
Line not crossedCalendar year 2024
Watch line: ≤ -10 % YoY Editorial screen
The annual reserve-loss screen is not triggered. Stock changes alone do not measure intervention.
Calculations & source rows
Formula: 100 × (year-end reserves ÷ previous year-end reserves − 1)
At or below −10%: an Exalytics editorial watch level. Changes include valuation effects and do not measure RBI intervention or reserve transactions alone. Methodology ↗
| Year | Reading | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | — | Unavailable — missing 2013 input |
| 2015 | 8.69 | Outside watch level |
| 2016 | 2.37 | Outside watch level |
| 2017 | 14.08 | Outside watch level |
| 2018 | -3.26 | Outside watch level |
| 2019 | 16.11 | Outside watch level |
| 2020 | 27.35 | Outside watch level |
| 2021 | 8.17 | Outside watch level |
| 2022 | -11.15 | Watch level reached |
| 2023 | 10.66 | Outside watch level |
| 2024 | 2.43 | Outside watch level |
| Input / period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FX reserves01 Jan 2023 – 31 Dec 2023Observation 18f17fbd-f18c-4f2d-975b-6ee884f1cfad | 627.79 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
| FX reserves01 Jan 2024 – 31 Dec 2024Observation 0828e568-68d4-4d8b-99fc-9501cf4b482d | 643.04 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
FDI inflows relative to the current-account deficit
Watch line reachedCalendar year 2024
Watch line: ≤ 100 % of deficit Editorial screen
Net inward FDI is at most the current-account deficit. Review other financing sources and their stability.
Calculations & source rows
Formula: 100 × FDI net inflows ÷ absolute current-account deficit
At or below 100%: an Exalytics funding-composition watch. Inward FDI alone is no larger than the deficit; this is not an unfinanced gap. Other flows and outward direct investment matter. Not applicable in surplus years. Methodology ↗
| Year | Reading | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 126.62 | Outside watch level |
| 2015 | 195.95 | Outside watch level |
| 2016 | 367.13 | Outside watch level |
| 2017 | 104.72 | Outside watch level |
| 2018 | 64.21 | Watch level reached |
| 2019 | 170.06 | Outside watch level |
| 2020 | — | Not applicable — no current-account deficit |
| 2021 | 133.84 | Outside watch level |
| 2022 | 63.18 | Watch level reached |
| 2023 | 87.89 | Watch level reached |
| 2024 | 84.76 | Watch level reached |
| Input / period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Current-account balance01 Jan 2024 – 31 Dec 2024Observation 5181b29f-7764-41ef-81ce-a36a265f0e8a | -32.02 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
| Net inward FDI01 Jan 2024 – 31 Dec 2024Observation 96250d6b-a276-4506-bd43-fae063339f59 | 27.14 | World Bank World Development Indicators ↗VERIFIED |
Comparable GDP, debt and liability inputs are missing. These three screens cannot confirm or rule out an external-sector crisis. Reserve-adequacy framework ↗
Source note: Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication.
View copyable data & provenance
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
"Year": 2019,
"Value": 170.06048387096774193548387097,
"Triggered": false,
"Status": "Outside watch level",
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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"Triggered": null,
"Status": "Not applicable \u2014 no current-account deficit",
"Evidence": [
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
"Year": 2022,
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"Triggered": true,
"Status": "Watch level reached",
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},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
},
{
"Year": 2024,
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},
{
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"SourceNote": "Calendar-year external-sector series reproduced from the supplied dashboard; verify indicator-level API extracts before commercial publication."
}
]
}
]
}
]
}Premium
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